• Reduction of thermal lensing and other thermal effects with undoped YAG or sapphire acting as heat sink
  
• Passive q-switching with e.g. Cr4+ YAG, V:YAG, Co:spinel as integral component of lasing element
  
• Elimination of spatial hole burning for non-planar ring laser (NPRO) by allowing the reflected beam to traverse through an undoped crystal
  
• Mechanical support of thin lasing layers, down to about 2-4 µm thickness, thereby also essentially eliminating thermal effects in this geometry to a negligible level
  
• Undoped ends in rods, shaped as straight cylinders or flanges, can function as light ducts for pump radiation
  
• Light guiding and wave guiding effects by combining dissimilar compatible materials of different refractive index, e.g. YAG lasing medium with sapphire cladding, YAG with spinel, GGG with YAG cladding and ZnSe with ZnS cladding.
  
  

Adhesive-Free Bond (AFB®) Features

• Elimination of ground state absorption losses of quasi-3-level lasing ions, especially for high power Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF based rod and slab systems
  
• Reduction of parasitic oscillations by using Adhesive-Free Bond (AFB® undoped or laser radiation absorbing crystals)